四川省盐源县盐泉的特征与形成     

李娜  周训  郭娟  拓明明  徐艳秋 《现代地质》2020,34(1):177-188

研究天然盐泉的形成有助于揭示陆地水文循环过程中的物质迁移。采用水文地球化学的方法,分析四川省盐源县的9个泉水和卤水水样的水化学特征和同位素特征,探讨盐泉的溶质来源,总结盐泉的成因模式。水样可以分为TDS为311.69 g/L的Cl-Na型卤水、TDS为55.77~89.43 g/L的Cl-Na型盐泉、TDS为1.17 g/L的Cl-Na型微咸泉和TDS为0.26~0.56 g/L的以HCO₃-Ca、HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg型为主的淡水泉。泉水和卤水的氢氧同位素显示其来源于大气降水;水样的特征系数显示盐泉和卤水都属于溶滤型,且指示研究区基本不具有找钾前景。泉水的盐分主要来源于石盐、方解石、石膏和白云石等矿物的溶滤。盐泉的形成模式可以概括为:在山区获得大气降水入渗补给后,地下水经历较浅和较深的地下径流并且溶滤含盐地层或者盐矿,使其矿化度升高,在地形较低处汇集出露地表成泉。  相似文献   

水平分支注浆孔卡埋钻事故处理实践          下载免费PDF全文

石逊  刘江  李红梅  伍晓龙  王雷浩 《探矿工程》2020,47(9):33-38

近年来煤矿奥灰治水注浆定向钻进技术发展迅速，多分支超深水平注浆孔数量激增。在水平注浆孔施工过程中，普遍存在地层漏失量大，泥浆突然失返，小径钻孔裸孔段长，水平段孔眼轨迹复杂，控制难度大，靶点技术误差要求严，定向仪器、工具等价格昂贵，施工风险相对较高，极易发生埋钻卡钻事故。一旦发生卡钻事故，就会面临着处理周期长、处理难度大等问题，传统的卡埋钻处理方法在水平注浆孔中应用效果不明显。通过采用空压机输送压缩空气，破坏水平孔着床的沉砂结构，将着床的沉砂吹出孔外或吹入地层裂隙，成功地实现了解卡。总结了水平注浆孔施工中卡埋钻事故的预防措施。  相似文献   

温泉钙华沉积的影响因素   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘海生  周训  张彧齐  海阔  余鸣潇  谭梦如  尚子琦 《中国岩溶》2020,39(1):11-16

钙华是在泉水、河水、湖水、洞穴周围沉积的非海相碳酸钙沉积物。钙华是陆地水循环过程中物质迁移的一种表现形式,研究钙华的形成有助于了解局部水文循环中的物质迁移规律并间接了解古气候与古水文地质条件。部分温泉的泉口附近沉积有形态多样的钙华。本文综述温泉钙华的形成过程、钙华沉积的主要影响因素和它们之间的相互影响关系。水化学条件是钙华沉积的物质基础和必要条件,水动力条件是钙华沉积的充分条件,生物效应对钙华沉积起到加强的作用,沉积环境通过影响水化学条件或水动力条件间接控制钙华的沉积。  相似文献   

Morphodynamics of an Artificial Cobble Beach in Tianquan Bay,Xiamen, China     

SHU Fangfang  CAI Feng  QI Hongshuai  LIU Jianhui  LEI Gang  ZHENG Jixiang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(4)

By tracking and monitoring the profile configuration, topography, and hydrodynamic factors of an artificial cobble beach in Tianquan Bay, Xiamen, China over three consecutive years after its completion, we analyzed the evolution of its profile configuration and plane morphology, and its storm response characteristics. The evolution of the profile configuration of the artificial cobble beach in Tianquan Bay can be divided into four stages. The beach was unstable during the initial stage after the beach nourishment the profile configuration changed obviously, and an upper concave composite cobble beach formed gradually, which was characterized by a steep upper part and a gentle lower part. In the second stage, the cobble beach approached dynamic equilibrium with minor changes in the profile configuration. At the third stage the beach was in a high-energy state under the influence of Typhoon Meranti, and the response of the artificial cobble beach differed significantly from that of the low-tide terrace sandy beach. Within a short time, there was net onshore transport of cobbles in the cross-shore direction. The beach face was eroded, the beach berm was accumulated, and the slope of the beach was steepened considerably. In the alongshore direction, there was notable transport of cobbles on the beach from east to west along the shore, and the total volume of the beach decreased by 4.5×103 m~3, which accounted for 50% of the total amount of beach volume lost within three years. The fourth stage was the restoration stage after the typhoon, characterized by a little gentler profile slope and the increase in width and the decrease in height of beach berm. Because of the action of waves and the wave-driven longshore current caused by the specific terrain and landform conditions along the coast(e.g., coastal headlands, near-shore artificial structures, and reefs), the coastline of the artificial cobble beach gradually evolved from being essentially parallel to the artificial coast upon completion to a slightly curved parabolic shape, and three distinct erosion hotspots were formed on the west side of the cape and the artificial drainpipe, and the reefs. Generally, the adoption of cobbles for beach nourishment on this macro-tidal coast beach with severe erosion has yielded excellent stability and adaptability.  相似文献   

基于热力图数据的杭州商业综合体活力影响因素分析     

张小东  韩昊英  舒贤帆 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(11):1745-1754

为了防止商业综合体建设过剩,形成商业综合体之间的恶性竞争。本文基于微信易出行插件里面的城市热力图数据,以杭州市5个商业综合体为例,获取可以量化的热力值数据,对不同类型的商业综合体活力影响因素进行对比分析研究。研究发现：① 城市商业综合体布局密度、周边用地用途、销售模式、内部功能布局以及内部空间活力5个要素对商业综合体活力的影响最明显;② 商业综合体的高密度布局对其活力存在抑制作用,通过对比各个服务半径内的商业综合体的活力变化,发现商业综合体合理的服务半径应该大于1.0 km。商业综合体周边的居住用地、广场和公园用地对其活力具有增强作用,办公用地对商业综合体活力的影响较弱;③ 针对不同消费对象制定的不同销售模式,也会对商业综合体活力变化产生显著影响;④ 在公共活动空间相对缺乏的区域内,以零售为主且兼具城市公共活动空间的商业综合体比以主力店为主的商业综合体的活力更高,空间利用率越高的商业综合体活力也越高,商业综合体承担部分城市公共活动空间的职能对商业综合体的活力起到了提升作用。  相似文献   

基于观测的南海西沙海域深层近惯性振荡特征分析     

江森汇  吴泽文  舒勰俊 《海洋通报》2019,38(5):543-552

近惯性内波运动普遍存在于全球大洋中,影响大洋中的质量、动量和能量输送,是大气强迫与海洋混合之间的重要纽带。由于目前海洋深层观测资料的缺乏,对于深层近惯性内波生消演变特征研究甚少。利用2009-2012年的潜标观测资料,采用带通滤波和谱分析方法研究了南海西沙海域深层近惯性内波生成、传播和消亡等演变特征。通过研究发现,南海西沙海域深层存在较强的近惯性振荡,其生成源为台风过境能量输入,绝大部分时段内,近惯性振荡能量在海洋浅层耗散,不向海洋深层传播;仅在少部分时段内,近惯性振荡能量的80%～85%耗散在500 m以浅区域,有大概15%～20%继续向海洋深层传播。  相似文献   

Rupture process of the 2015 Pishan earthquake from joint inversion of InSAR,teleseismic data and GPS     

Xun Wang  Weimin Wang  Junmeng Zhao  Zhenxing Yao 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(10):1467-1481

An earthquake of Mw6.4 occurred in Pishan County in Xinjiang Province, northwestern Tibetan Plateau, on July 3,2015. The epicenter was located on an active blind thrust system located at the northern margin of the Western Kunlun Mountain Orogenic Belt southwest of the Tarim Basin. We constructed a shovel-shaped fault model based on the layered-crust model with reference to the seismic reflection profile, and obtained the rupture process of the earthquake from the joint inversion of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR) measurements, far-field waveform data, and Global Positioning System(GPS) data. The results show that the seismic fault dips southward with a strike of 109°, and the rupture direction was essentially northward. The fault plane rupture distribution is concentrated, with a maximum recorded slip of 73 cm. The main features of the fault are as follows: low inclination angle(25°–10°), thrust slip at a depth of 9–13 km, rupture propagation time of about 12 s, no significant slip in soft or hard sedimentary layers at 0–4 km depth and propagation from the initial rupture point to the surrounding area with no obvious directionality. The InSAR time-series analysis method is used to determine the deformation rate in the source region within 2 years after the earthquake, and the maximum value is ~17 mm yr-1 in the radar line-of-sight direction. Obvious post-earthquake deformation is evident in the hanging wall, with a similar trend to the coseismic displacement field. These results suggest that the Pishan earthquake has not completely released the accumulated energy of the region, given that the multilayer fold structure above the blind fault is still in a process of slow uplift since the earthquake. Post-earthquake adjustment models and aftershock risk analysis require further study using more independent data.  相似文献   

基于GPS应变、地震应变率与震源应力场对帕米尔高原现今构造变形特征的分析          下载免费PDF全文

潘正洋  邵志刚  周云  王洵  解孟雨  艾萨·伊斯马伊力 《地球物理学报》2020,63(3):1143-1154

研究帕米尔高原的构造变形特征对于理解印度板块向北推挤过程中的应变分配方式以及应力转换模式具有重要的意义.本文利用区域GPS应变场、地震应变场与震源应力场分析帕米尔高原的构造形变特征.主要结论为:(1)该区域变形主要以NNW-SSE或近N-S向的挤压为主,在高原内部伴有明显的近ENE-WSW或E-W向拉张,应力方向在帕米尔高原与塔吉克盆地区域呈现逆时针旋转的趋势,而在塔里木盆地则显示几乎与帕米尔高原的一致的应力状态,这可能与两侧盆地块体的强度差异有关.(2)安德森断层参数A∅显示帕米尔高原北缘与西侧区域为逆断层应力状态,在高原内部为正断层应力状态,这与GPS应变的结果显示的应变主要集中在主帕米尔断裂与阿莱谷地附近而在高原内部应变较低是一致的,另外应力在喀喇昆仑断裂北段的方向基本平行于断层走向,以及断层北端较低的滑动速率,这说明了地壳挤压缩短可能是帕米尔高原主要的的构造变形特征,并不支持由于边界走滑断裂导致的应变分异或者块体挤出的模式.(3)综合考虑地震应变方向与SHmax从帕米尔北部NNW-SSE方向到天山北部的近N-S方向的转换,GPS应变方向在帕米尔高原两侧盆地都存在不同程度的旋转,应力场安德森参数A∅显示的应力状态以及SKS的结果显示的近ENE-WSW方向,我们认为印度板块向北推挤与天山造山带碰撞导致帕米尔高原不对称的径向逆冲是帕米尔高原现今构造变形的主要成因与构造模式.  相似文献   

辽宁北部早古生代弧－陆碰撞作用的发现及其构造意义     

时溢  石绍山  舒广龙 《地质与资源》2020,29(4):397-400

自然资源部中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心基础地质室构造研究团队在辽宁北部法库地区地质调查过程中，初步识别出了一次弧－陆碰撞作用.根据地质年代学研究，其主要发生在早古生代.该发现为华北板块北缘东段松辽盆地覆盖区的早古生代的构造演化史研究提供重要依据.  相似文献   

海洋沉积物黏土矿物相对含量不同计算方法对比研究     

舒雨婷  刘志杰  余佳  孔敏  田先德  刘升发 《海洋通报》2019,(5):585-590

海洋沉积物黏土矿物相对含量计算存在多种计算方法,并不统一,限制了异源黏土矿物的整合和使用。文章选取了两种较为常见的计算方法,即Biscaye和国标中规定的计算方法,分别对东印度洋109个表层样品黏土矿物的相对百分含量进行计算,分析对比了两种方法计算结果之间的差异。结果显示,两种计算方法结果存在显著正相关,都能显示黏土矿物分布的变化趋势,4种黏土矿物相关系数由高到底分别为:蒙皂石0.986、伊利石0.974、绿泥石0.924、高岭石0.923。相对于Biscaye计算方法,国标计算方法会增加伊利石和高岭石的相对百分含量而降低蒙皂石和绿泥石的相对百分含量。两种计算方法黏土矿物的含量相关性较好,可以建立起相互数学转换关系式。但在不同的海区,由于矿物成因、结晶程度以及混层矿物的出现可能会使衍射峰形态发生改变,从而相关性系数和转换关系也会相应发生改变。  相似文献